Allogenic hepatocyte transplantation inimmunomodulated lewis rats with acute liver insufficiency following hepatectomy

Orthotropic Liver transplantation [OLT] is a conventional management for end-stage acute or chronic liver insufficiency, but the shortage of donor organs continues to be the restrictive factor throughout the world. Hepatocyte transplantation [HCTx] might be the promising treatment for several liver diseases and can be used as a [bridge] to OLT. Hepatocytes transplantation can protect and even save human lives, its' applicability remains limited by the large deficiency of liver organs and hepatocytes [HC], and cellular loss after engraftment. Host elimination of grafted cells is called Early Graft Dysfunction. This study was developed for an efficient protocol of HCT. Several conditions have been met in order to achieve a high yield of harvested viable HC, overcome the detached-cell apoptosis, attenuation of innate immune reaction against transplanted cells and a receptive cell environment. HC were isolated from Lewis rats [n=8] weighing 250gm, by the 2 step collagen a seper fusion technique, and bone marrow cells [BMCs] were obtained from the rats tibia and femur by centrifugation in a buffer solution. The mean viability of harvested HC and BMCs were 90% and 95% respectively. To minimize the rejection of HC, Lewis rat recipients [n=14] weighing 250gm, were ir- -radiated with 6 Gy and received 0.1 mg of anti-aisle GM1 antiserum intravenously as im-munosuppressive drug. The isolated HC were intra-splenically transplanted and 107 bone marrow cells were injected in a penile vein into the recipients on the third day. Simultaneously, 70% hepatectomy and ligation of common bile duct were done. Thirty days later; the grafted spleen had areas with external appearance of a normal liver in ten out of 14surviving rats [71%]. Hematoxlin and eosin [H and E] staining of sections from these fragments showed sinusoids and portal areas, an evidence of successful hepatocyte engraftment and bile canaliculea formation. Large number of HC clusters of 15 to 20 cells and 2 to 4 distended small bile canaliculea were seen per50 HC. The intrasplenic route for transplanting freshly isolated HC in an immune-compromised animal model was found to give good results regarding cell engraftment and tissue formation

Effect of abscisic acid on some salt stressed Maize Inbreds

The effect of exogenous ABA treatment on eight maize inbred lines [Zea maysL.] differing in their salt tolerance, with regard to some yield-related traits was examined. Also, fingerprints for the two salt-tolerant and the two salt-sensitive inbreds using RAPD-PCR markers were identified. From 20 maize inbred lines, four were chosen as salt-tolerant genotypes [L123a, G251b, L113a and Rg25] and four as salt-sensitive genotypes [Rg5, G227b, Rg1 and G13]. These eight maize inbreds were treated with 10-5 M abscisic acid [ABA] under5000 and 7000 ppm NaCl conditions. The effect of exogenous ABA on salt tolerance was tested by estimating some yield-related traits [plant height, total root length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and root dry weight]. The two most salt-tolerant [L123a and G251b] inbreds and the two most salt-sensitive [Rg1 and G13] were selected for detecting some biochemical and molecular genetic markers associated with salt tolerance. SDS-PAGE banding pattern showed differential responses with respect to salt tolerance and ABA treatment, while esterase and peroxidase isozyme profiles were weakly or negatively correlated with salt tolerance and ABA treatment. RAPD-PCR analysis showed that four random 10-mer primers, out of six, succeeded in differentiating salt-tolerant [L123a and G251b] from salt-sensitive [Rg1 andG13] inbreds, some specific markers for maize inbreds across RAPD-PCR analysis were determined. Twenty-seven of 57 RAPD markers were found to be inbred-specific, phylogenetic relationships between these inbreds were studied on the bases of RAPD-PCR patterns. Dendrogram analysis showed that, the inbreds were divided into two main groups and the most dissimilar one was the most salt-sensitive

Antibacterial and antioxidant effect of crude garlic extract in meat

The antibacterial and antioxidant effect of crude garlic extract [2.5 - 5 - 10 - 20%] were investigated in fresh lean beef muscle samples obtained from Cairo abattoir. The antibacterial effect of crude garlic extract was applied on two bacterial species contaminating meat surface namely E. coil, and Saureus. Garlic extract showed a concentration dependent reduction of surface bacterial counts attached to beef muscle samples. [D] value was calculated for E. Coli and S aureus decreased by increasing the concentration of the garlic extract. Thiobarbituric acid values, peroxide values and kreis optical density were determined to show the antioxidant effect of gralic extract. The garlic extract significantly decreased these values of meat kept in refregerator after 1[st]. 3[rd] and 5[th] days. Its concluded that, the use of natural materials as garlic having both antibacterial and antioxidant effects is advantageous

Pharmacokinetics and tissue residue of kitasamycin in healthy and diseased broilers

The pharmacokinetics of kitasamycin after intravenous and oral administration in a dose of 300 mg/kg b.wt. were studied in 18 healthy and 18 Salmonella gallinarum naturally infected chickens. The tissue residue of the antibiotic was also estimated in 30 normal chickens when it was given orally for 7 successive days. The elimination half life of kitasamycin calculated after single intravenous injection was 9.03 hour in diseased chickens corresponding to 3.74 hour in healthy birds. The body clearance was significantly reduced in diseased chickens [62.03 ml/kg/min]. Therapeutic level of kitasamycin was achieved after 15 min and persisted for 20.22 hour after its oral administration. Higher serum kitasamycin concentrations were recorded in Salmonella gallinarum infected chickens. Three days after last dose, kitasamycin was detected in bile and cecal wall but not in edible tissue. Therefore, kitasamycin treated broilers should be slaughtered before 3 days from the last dose to avoid drug residue in edible tissue